Sri Lanka's east in shadow of war
BBC Tamil service, eastern Sri Lanka
 Villages across the east were destroyed in the fighting |
A year after troops overpowered Tamil Tiger (LTTE) rebels in Sri Lanka's eastern province and took control of the area, normality has yet to return.
The government called the victory the "dawn of the east" and held a nationwide celebration on 19 July 2007, days after the last rebel stronghold fell.
It announced a host of development measures, and in May this year provincial elections were held for the first time.
A leader of a breakaway group from the rebels was appointed chief minister after helping fight against the LTTE.
'Suspicion'
But a year on, troops are still just as visible in major cities, towns and even in villages in the east.
Military checkpoints and stop and search operations are aimed at preventing "infiltration" by the Tamil Tigers - locals say such massive troop deployments in civilian areas increase their feeling of insecurity.
In some places the military are camped on private property. The army insist they pay compensation for using the land, but those affected say that is not the case.
Locals say many people have been randomly picked up for interrogation, on suspicion of having links with the Tamil Tigers.
Most are released after a day or two but some end up in prison.
"They arrested my son on suspicion that he might have received armed training from the LTTE. He has been in prison for the past seven months," says one man in the village of Echilampattu in Batticaloa district.
"All my efforts to bring him out have failed."
Refugees
Analysts believe the LTTE's intelligence wing and other elements continue to operate in the east - officials say that is why security needs to be so tight.
Since last summer violence has continued.
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The chief secretary of the eastern province was assassinated last July and this May a naval transport ship was sunk in Trincomalee harbour, hours before the start of voting.
Tamil political parties backed by the LTTE boycotted the election.
The military's victory was achieved after months of heavy fighting resulting in huge human cost.
In many cases entire villages were abandoned. More than 200,000 people became internally displaced refugees.
According to the government, about 110,000 people have been resettled in Batticaloa district. Nearly 12,000 others are still waiting.
In the district of Trincomalee the picture is similar.
Internally displaced people living in the refugee camps say they lack basic facilities like toilets and clean drinking water.
Those who have been resettled say they have still to receive support from the government.
Most villagers in resettled areas now live without electricity. Many school buildings damaged or destroyed in the war are yet to be rebuilt.
In many places students sit under temporary shelters made asbestos.
"These sheets increase the intensity of the heat. As a result the students suffer from a number of health problems," one headmaster told the BBC.
Fear
Damage to property has been immense.
Many houses have been partly or totally damaged by different kinds of bombs, shells and bullets.
 Thousands still remain in refugee camps in eastern Sri Lanka |
Kavita Malar, a young mother who lives with her daughter, received a house worth 300,000 Sri Lankan rupees (about $2,900) as compensation after the 2004 tsunami.
It was badly damaged in the fighting, with some holes created by shells big enough to allow a dog to pass through.
"This house is not stable. Whenever there are strong winds I leave my house and go to my father's house which is nearby," she says.
"I am scared the house may crumble - I am living with fear."
According to the chief minister of the eastern province, Sivanesathurai Chandrakanth (better known as Pillaiyan), 130,000 houses are totally or partly damaged.
He says the government has plans to repair and rebuild all these houses and to complete the rehabilitation work in the next 18 months.
The government is giving 325,000 rupees (about $3,000) to rebuild completely ruined houses.
But there is a widespread perception that not many in need actually receive this financial help.
Sri Lanka's disaster and resettlement minister, Abdul Risath Bathiyutheen, told the BBC that $80m from the World Bank and $40m from the European Union had been used to build houses in areas affected by war.
He added that talks were continuing to secure a further $43m from the World Bank. Yet he is not sure how many houses are being built.
"There are a number of ministries and NGOs (non-governmental organisations) doing this work. So it is not possible to give an exact figure."
A senior official from a local NGO says continuing insecurity is the major obstacle in the development process.
"Fear of return of war prevails among the aid donors and it is preventing the flow of funds for large housing construction plans," he says.
Hearts and minds
Apart from housing, fishing was also badly hit.
Villages dotting the eastern coast were battered by the tsunami in December 2004 and most of the relief work since then has been undone by the war.
Kantaiya Padmanahban is a fisherman from Vaharai in Batticaloa district whose mother died during the tsunami.
He was given a new boat by an NGO but war erupted when he was rebuilding his life. He abandoned the boat and ran away.
When he came back after a year in various refugee camps, his home was damaged and his boat was completely destroyed.
"A shell might have fallen on top of it - a direct hit might have destroyed my boat. They have not given me any compensation to buy a new boat, nets etc, I have no work to do," he says.
In some places the government has built roads and hospitals. But the operation to win hearts and minds, it seems, has a long way to go. [courtesy:BBC.co.uk]
Comments
The writer has correctly pointed out the operation to win hearts and minds has a long way to go. But what is the remedy to win the hearts of the Tamils.
Even after the defeat of the LTTE in the East by the Government forces does not mean the government is in complete control of the area. People who are used to taking arms are not going to remain without doing any work. Rightly or wrongly Pillaiyan was enticed or was given the hope that he would be made the CM.
Administration is something different from waging war. The welfare of the people especially in a area ravaged by war requires priority. Here is a situation where there is rivalry and suspicion over each other.
Pillaiyan Versus Hisbullah
Pillaiyan Versus other Tamil Militant groups
Pillaiyan Versus the LTTE
Pillaiyan Versus the TULF MPs
Pillaiyan Versus Karuna Group
LTTE Versus the Government Forces
The presence of the unruly characters in the abovementioned groups is another factor which will determine the feelings of the people. In such a situation Pillaiyan has to be a puppet of the Government forces. Definitely there will be a reign of terror - terrorizing by way of abductions and murders both by the Armed forces, Pillaiyan group and other para military groups. Further Pillaiyan is not educated, young and inexperienced in the field of administration. This reminds the situation that prevailed soon after the French Revolution where people were guillotined on mere suspicion. It is easier for the LTTE to infiltrate in such a delicate situation and target prominent personalities (e.g murder of Ms.Maheswary).
The LTTE’s strength cannot be underestimated. It is a complex situation. Rightly or wrongly now the LTTE is in its course of war against the government. They can tactfully withdraw and can lie low and later bounce back on the government forces. However the LTTE has proved that they are courageous fighters for their conviction. Determination and dedication are their strength (e.g. the defeat of the government forces at Muhamalai and the surprise attack on the Anuradhapura airport). It was also clear that the more they attack the LTTE, the more the LTTE become stronger. Though the LTTE was and is still misguided by its leaders and sympathizers, the current situation is that they are fighting for a cause (at least for federalism) whereas the soldiers are fighting for salary. There is fear psychosis in the minds of the people who are helpless. Under such circumstances implementation of the rehabilitation program by the government remains a question mark. My view is that only the NGOs can do something to attend to the needs of the people because the NGOs and the people can move towards each other without any fear which is possible only under a federal set up. But the government is bent on destroying the idea of federalism disregarding the aspirations of the Tamils.
What will be the answer of Pillaiyan or Hisbullah on federalism at this hour when the Country is receiving aids from federal countries. Can these two men ask this vital question from the Government for purpose of developing the area and to defeat the LTTE? Certainly there will be bribery and corruption in constructing buildings and roads by the Government.
Further having a separate election for the East is another blunder by the Government for not honoring the aspirations of the Tamils. Restoring normalcy does not mean that the Government has conducted an election, but everyone knows that the election was a sham. What is taking place is militarization of the East on the pretext of development. The remedy to drive the fear psychosis from the minds of the people is to have federalism that can restore normalcy because it promotes everyone to participate in the administration which is a way of life.
- A.Rajasingam
Dear Rajasingham
Think about this;
15 million Sinhala in the south of a tiny island compared to 150 million Tamils world wide. Less than 15 million Buddhists herded to the edge of a sub-continent.
Prosecution and harassment from successive waves of South Indians
Prosecution and harassment from 500 years of colonization
The only people in the world who speak Sinhala.
The International Community supports the Tamil cause thinking the LTTE to be the underdogs.
My friend the Sinhala people are fighting for their survival, they are fighting to maintain a unique culture against all odds. The LTTE cadres might have their convictions but don’t underestimate the pride of the Sinhala youth!!
Dear Anonymous
It is very difficult to understand that the Sinhala people are fighting for their survival, they are fighting to maintain a unique culture against all odds. All these allegations are answered well if federalism on the Canadian model is experimented in Sri Lanka. What have you lost in experimenting federalism in Canada.
You should know the history. Both the Tamils and the Sinhalese are inhabitants of this island. The moment federalism is experimented you will see stretching arms of friendship not only from 150 million Tamils world wide but from the others as well to help the Sinhalese to defeat terrorism.
A.Rajasingam